1. Trench excavation.

混凝土路面和沥青路面的开挖应使用切割机切割。

The excavation of concrete and asphalt pavement should be done using a cutting machine.

管道沟槽应按设计规定的平面位置和标高开挖。当采用人工开挖且无地下水时，槽底预留值应为0.05~0.10m;管道安装前应人工清底设计标高。

The pipeline trench should be excavated according to the plane position and elevation specified in the design. When manual excavation is used and there is no groundwater, the reserved value at the bottom of the trench should be 0.05-0.10m; Before pipeline installation, the bottom should be manually cleaned to the design elevation.

管沟沟底宽度和工作尺寸，应根据现场实际情况和管道敷设方法确定。

The width and working size of the trench bottom should be determined based on the actual situation on site and the pipeline laying method.

局部超挖部分应回填夯实。当沟底无地下水时，超挖在0.15m以内，可采用原土回填;超挖在0.15,以上，可采用石灰土处理。当沟底有地下水或水量较大时，应采用级配砂石或天然砂回填标高。超挖部分回填后压实，其密实度应接近原地基天然土的密实度。

Local over excavation should be backfilled and compacted. When there is no groundwater at the bottom of the ditch, if the over excavation is within 0.15m, the original soil can be used for backfilling; If the excavation exceeds 0.15, lime soil can be used for treatment. When there is groundwater or a large amount of water at the bottom of the ditch, graded sand or natural sand should be used to backfill to the elevation. The over excavated part should be compacted after backfilling, and its compactness should be close to that of the original natural soil of the foundation.

在湿陷性黄土地区，不宜在雨期施工，或在施工时切实排除沟内积水，开挖时应在沟底预留值0.03~0.06m厚的土层进行压实处理。

In collapsible loess areas, it is not advisable to construct during rainy periods or effectively drain the accumulated water in the ditch. During excavation, a soil layer with a thickness of 0.03-0.06m should be reserved at the bottom of the ditch for compaction treatment.

沟底遇有废弃构筑物、硬石、木头、垃圾等杂物时必须，并应铺一层厚度不小于0.15m砂土或素土，整平压实及设计标高。

When encountering abandoned structures, hard stones, wood, garbage and other debris at the bottom of the ditch, they must be removed, and a layer of sand or plain soil with a thickness of not less than 0.15m should be laid, leveled and compacted to the design elevation.

对软土基及特殊腐蚀土壤，应按设计要求处理。

Soft soil foundation and special corrosive soil should be treated according to design requirements.

▉2.回填土。

2. Backfilling soil.

不得采用冻土、垃圾、木材及软性物质回填。管道两侧及管顶以上0.5m内的回填土，不得含有碎石、砖块等杂物，且不得采用灰土回填。距管顶0.5m以上的回填土中的石块不得多于10%、直径不得大于0.1m,且均匀分布。

Frozen soil, garbage, wood, and soft materials shall not be used for backfilling. The backfill soil on both sides of the pipeline and within 0.5m above the pipe top shall not contain debris such as crushed stones and bricks, and shall not be backfilled with lime soil. The stones in the backfill soil at a distance of more than 0.5m from the pipe top shall not exceed 10%, and the diameter shall not exceed 0.1m, and shall be evenly distributed.

沟槽的支撑应在管道两侧及管顶以上0.5m回填完毕并压实后，在保证的情况下进行拆除，并应采取细砂填实缝隙。

The support of the trench should be backfilled and compacted on both sides of the pipeline and 0.5m above the pipe top, and then removed while ensuring safety. Fine sand should be used to fill the gaps.

沟槽回填时，应先回填管底悬空部位，再回填管道两侧。

When backfilling the trench, the suspended area at the bottom of the pipe should be backfilled first, and then both sides of the pipe should be backfilled.

回填土应分层压实，每层虚铺厚度宜为0.2~0.3m，管道两侧及管顶以上0.5m内的回填土必须采用人工压实，管顶0.5m以上的回填土可采用小型机械压实，每层虚铺厚度宜为0.25~0.4m。

The backfill soil should be compacted in layers, with a virtual paving thickness of 0.2-0.3m for each layer. The backfill soil on both sides of the pipeline and within 0.5m above the pipe top must be manually compacted. The backfill soil above 0.5m above the pipe top can be compacted by small machinery, and the virtual paving thickness of each layer should be 0.25-0.4m.

回填土压实后，应分层检查密实度，并做好回填记录。

After the backfilling soil is compacted, the compactness should be checked in layers and backfilling records should be kept.