1、沟渠开挖

1. Trench excavation

混凝土路面和沥青路面的开挖应使用切割机进行切割。

The excavation of concrete pavement and asphalt pavement shall be cut by cutting machine.

管道沟应按设计规定的平面位置和标高开挖。采用人工开挖且无地下水时，槽底预留值应为0.05~0.10m；管道安装前应人工清底设计标高。

The pipe trench shall be excavated according to the plane position and elevation specified in the design. When manual excavation is adopted and there is no groundwater, the reserved value at the bottom of the trench shall be 0.05~0.10m; Before pipe installation, the bottom shall be manually cleaned to the design elevation.

沟底的宽度和工作尺寸应根据现场实际情况和铺设管道的方法确定。

The width and working size of the trench bottom shall be determined according to the actual situation on site and the method of laying pipes.

局部超挖部分应回填压实。沟底无地下水时，超挖0.15m以内，可用原土回填；如果超挖在0.15以上，可以使用石灰土。当沟底有地下水或大量积水时，宜采用级配碎石或天然砂回填标高。超挖部分应回填后压实，压实度应接近原地基天然土的压实度。

Local over excavation shall be backfilled and compacted. If there is no underground water at the bottom of the ditch, the original soil can be used for backfilling within 0.15m of over excavation; If the overbreak is more than 0.15, lime soil can be used. When there is underground water or a large amount of ponding at the bottom of the ditch, graded crushed stone or natural sand should be used for backfilling to the elevation. The over excavated part shall be backfilled and compacted, and the compaction degree shall be close to that of the natural soil of the original foundation.

湿陷性黄土区不宜在雨季施工，或施工时应有效沟内积水。开挖时，沟底应预留0.03~0.06m厚的土层进行压实处理。

The construction in the collapsible loess area should not be carried out in the rainy season, or the ponding in the ditch should be effectively removed during construction. During excavation, 0.03~0.06m thick soil layer shall be reserved at the bottom of the ditch for compaction.

当沟底有废弃构筑物、硬石、木材、垃圾等杂物时，必须，并铺设一层厚度不小于0.15m的沙土或素土、平整、压实和设计用于高程。

When there are waste structures, hard stones, wood, garbage and other sundries at the bottom of the ditch, they must be removed, and a layer of sand or plain soil with a thickness of not less than 0.15m must be paved, leveled, compacted and designed for elevation.

软土地基和特殊腐蚀性土按设计要求处理。

Soft soil foundation and special corrosive soil shall be treated according to design requirements.

2.回填土壤

2. backfill soil

(1)不得使用冻土、垃圾、木材和软质材料进行回填。管道两侧及管顶以上0.5m内回填土不得含有碎石、砖块等杂物，不得回填石灰土。离管顶0.5m以上的回填土中石子不得超过10%，直径不得大于0.1m，并应分布均匀。

(1) Frozen soil, garbage, wood and soft materials shall not be used for backfilling. The backfill at both sides of the pipeline and within 0.5m above the pipe top shall not contain debris, bricks and other debris, and shall not be backfilled with lime soil. The stones in the backfill soil 0.5m above the pipe top shall not exceed 10%, the diameter shall not be greater than 0.1M, and shall be evenly distributed.

（2）沟槽支撑应在管道两侧及管顶以上0.5m处回填压实，在保证的情况下拆除，缝隙应采用细砂填平。

(2) The trench support shall be backfilled and compacted at both sides of the pipe and 0.5m above the pipe top. It shall be removed under the condition of safety. The gap shall be filled with fine sand.

(3)回填沟渠时，应先回填管底悬空部分，再回填管道两侧。

(3) When backfilling ditches, the suspended part at the bottom of the pipe shall be backfilled first, and then both sides of the pipe shall be backfilled.

(4)回填土应分层压实。每层厚度应为0.2~0.3m。管道两侧及管顶以上0.5m以内的回填土必须人工压实，离管顶0.5m以上的回填土必须人工压实。可采用小型机械压实，每层虚铺的厚度应为0.25~0.4m。

(4) Backfill shall be compacted in layers. The thickness of each layer shall be 0.2~0.3m. The backfill on both sides of the pipeline and within 0.5m above the pipe top must be compacted manually, and the backfill above 0.5m from the pipe top must be compacted manually. Small machinery can be used for compaction, and the thickness of each layer of virtual paving shall be 0.25~0.4m.

(5)回填土压实后，应逐层检查密实度，并做好回填记录。

(5) After the backfill is compacted, the compactness shall be checked layer by layer and the backfill records shall be made.

3.警示带铺设

3. warning tape laying

沿埋地燃气管道应连续铺设警示带。在铺设警示胶带前，应将铺设面压实并平放在管道顶部。

Warning tapes shall be continuously laid along buried gas pipelines. Before laying the warning tape, the laying surface shall be compacted and laid flat on the top of the pipe.

管道警示带应采用黄色聚乙烯等不易分解的材料制作，并印有明显、牢固的警示语，字体不小于100*100mm。

The pipeline warning tape shall be made of yellow polyethylene and other materials that are not easy to decompose, and shall be printed with obvious and firm warning words, with the font not less than 100*100mm.

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